In addition to the masculine suffix -ec, which was above mentioned from the Vidovic-Muha (), the analysis together with means the latest Slovenian male suffix -ar
The original the main paper is focused on the new derivation off female and you may masculine nouns to have professions when you look at the English and Slovenian. The analysis signifies that the fresh new dominating kind of female nouns in the one another languages pertains to derivation through affixation, while you are English comes with the compounding. Masculinatives is unusual in both languages; they are primarily shaped about procedures that happen to be generally believed part of the women industries. This new suffix is not effective but could still be present in the term babicar (‘male midwife’). The most notable difference in both languages is that modern-day English appears to be leaving the usage of gender-noted variations (with the exception of the latest uncommon feminatives one to are still), whereas in the Slovenian, just like the confirmed because of the corpus studies, the employment of feminatives is rising. The reason behind that it asymmetry is actually grounded on the point that English has an almost non-existent grammatical gender program, and usually spends a similar terminology to explain good person involved in a specific industry. Hence, in the case of female referents the application of female nouns is now preferred, due to the fact entry to masculine general forms is found on this new decline.
All of our corpus analysis shows that the distinctions anywhere between masculine and you can female nouns to possess procedures would be buy Bodo bride best revealed from the exploring their collocators, semantic choices, and you may semantic connectivity (Sinclair 1996 and you can Philip 2010).
Slovenian nouns denoting professions enjoys obvious referents regarding gender, as well as their modern-day play with – evidenced within the corpora – reveals a definite tendency towards arrangement ranging from grammatical and physiological genders
The newest collocators off English male and you will female nouns towards the looked at specialities (actress/star, policewoman/policeman within the waiter/waiter) implies that it display certain semantic environments: related disciplines; places and landscaping of this profession; private labels; words discussing the quality of their work; in addition to regular steps of this job. Some certain associative significance also are revealed if we evaluate the new collocators describing peoples attributes and look. New feminatives have a tendency to co-can be found with phrases having stereotypically female character traits and identification (including sexual
connotations). This is exactly in accordance with Caldas-Coulthard and you may Moonlight (2010), exactly who define eg asymmetries with stereotypes off gender, sexualization of females, and as we age and you will behavior.
Slovenian masculine/feminine sets getting professions inform you comparable findings. Regarding semantic preference, we can observe phrases connected with typical methods; typical cities and you may landscape; relevant disciplines; characteristics; and look. Yet the corpus research and additionally let you know certain high variations. The pairs of Slovenian masculine and you can feminine nouns discussing procedures would be put into a couple of organizations. The first one to constitutes sets which might be semantically equivalent and stylistically un), as the pairs in the second class was susceptible to (a level of) semantic narrowing and stylistic marking.
A model toward basic classification ‘s the few zdravnica/zdravnik (‘female/men doctor’), all of that will co-occur which have terms speaking about the sort of functions, normal methods and you can relevant specialities. The female nouns such sets is stylistically unmarked. A similar achievement are hit for the pairs sodnica/sodnik (‘female/men judge’) and you can vzgojiteljica/vzgojitelj (‘female/male kindergarten teacher’), but with an effective caveat. The type of the two sodnica/sodnik convergence on the sphere from rules and you can athletics; yet not, the knowledge together with mirror the brand new social reputation of your own job – the very first ranks (e.grams., constitutional evaluator) are nevertheless generally kepted for males. The pair vzgojiteljica/vzgojitelj can be described as an excellent borderline case anywhere between designated and you may unmarked definition. The brand new corpus research suggest a level of semantic narrowing and you can stylistic marking: this is of “teacher in a student dorm” makes reference to dudes, while the accessibility adjectives (patient feminine and you can rigorous guys) factors to gender stereotyping.
